第二章 空间配置器(allocator)

1.空间配置器的标准接口

一般接口(generalized)

allocator::value_type
allocator::pointer
allocator::const_pointer
allocator::reference
allocator::const_reference
allocator::size_type
allocator::difference_type

特殊化接口(specified)

用一个例子对allocator::rebind进行补充：

template<class T>
class alloc;

template<typename T, typename Alloc = alloc<T>>
class MyContainer{
public:
    template<typename U>
    struct rebind{
        typedef Alloc<U> other; // Allocator type for type U
        // other represents some other objects
    };
};

2.设计一个简单的空间配置器(Compiler:G++)

#ifndef T_ALLOC_
#define T_ALLOC_

#include <new>          // for placement new
#include <cstddef>      // for ptrdiff_t, size_t
#include <cstdlib>      // for exit()
#include <climits>      // for UINT_MAX
#include <iostream>     // for cerr
#include <vector>       // for test

namespace T_ {
    // allocate memory
    template<class T>
    inline T* _allocate(ptrdiff_t size, T*) {
        std::set_new_handler(0);    // invoke when out of memory
        T* tmp = (T*)(::operator new((size_t)(size * sizeof(T))));  // allocate memory 
        if (tmp == 0) {   // the allocated memory is 0, which means that allocating memory fails
            std::cerr << "out of memory" << '\n';
            exit(0);    // terminate processs
        }
        return tmp;     // return the pointer of the allocated memory block
    }

    // release memory
    template<class T>
    inline void _deallocate(T* buffer) {
        ::operator delete(buffer);  // release the allocated memory
    }

    // constructor
    template<class T1, class T2>
    inline void _construct(T1* p, const T2& value) {
        new(p) T1(value);           // assign value at pointer p
    }

    // destructor
    template<class T>
    inline void _destroy(T* ptr) {
        ptr->~T();                  // invoke the destructor of type class
    }

    template<class T>
    class allocator {
    public:
        typedef T           value_type;
        typedef T* pointer;
        typedef const T* const_pointer;
        typedef T& reference;
        typedef const T& const_reference;
        typedef size_t      size_type;
        typedef ptrdiff_t   difference_type;

        /*-----implement part of the specific API-----*/

        // allocator::rebind->rebind allocator of type U
        template<class U>
        struct rebind {
            typedef allocator<U> other;
        };

        // pointer allocator::allocate->hint used for locality
        pointer allocate(size_type n, const void* hint = 0) {
            return _allocate((difference_type)n, (pointer)0);
        }

        // allocator::deallocate
        void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) { _deallocate(p); }

        // allocator::construct
        void construct(pointer p, const T& value) {
            _construct(p, value);
        }

        // allocator::destroy
        void destroy(pointer p) { _destroy(p); }

        // pointer allocator::address
        pointer address(reference x) { return (pointer)&x; }

        // const_pointer allocator::const_address
        const_pointer const_address(const_reference x) {
            return (const_pointer)&x;
        }

        // size_type allocator::max_size()
        size_type max_size() const {
            return size_type(UINT_MAX / sizeof(T));
        }
    };
}
#endif

int main() {
    int ia[5] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
    unsigned int i;

    std::vector<int, T_::allocator<int>> iv(ia, ia + 5);
    for (i = 0; i < iv.size(); i++) std::cout << iv[i] << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';

    return 0;
}